JOHN R. HICKS (1904 - 1989)
Prêmio Nobel 1972
Sir John Richard Hicks, economista britânico, ganhou o Prêmio Nobel de Economia em 1972, compartilhado com K.J. Arrow, "por sua contribuição pioneira à teoria do equilíbrio econômico geral e à teoria do bem-estar".
Hicks é uma das figuras mais destacadas do pensamento econômico do século XX. Foi casado com Ursula Webb, filha dos fabianos Beatrice e Sidney Webb.
Licenciado em Oxford, foi professor da London School of Economics (1926-1935) e posteriormente das Universidades de Cambridge, Manchester e Oxford.
Seguidor de Walras e Pareto, aplicou a técnica das curvas de indiferença aos bens, modificando assim a teoria da demanda.
Provavelmente, sua contribuição mais popular foi o artigo de 1937 publicado na revista Econometrica: "Mr Keynes and the Classics: A suggested interpretation". Nele, realizou um esforço de conciliação do pensamento de Keynes, cuja obra fundamental estava sendo recém publicada, com os modelos clássicos de equilíbrio. Disto resultou um modelo que ficou posteriormente conhecido como o modelo Hicks-Hansen ou curvas IS-LM.
Obras
"Edgeworth, Marshall and the Indeterminateness of Wages", 1930, EJ.
"Theory of Uncertainty and Profit", 1931, Economica.
The Theory of Wages, 1932.
"Marginal Productivity and the Principle of Variation", 1932, Economica
"Equilibrium and the Cycle", 1933, ZfN.
"A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value", con R.G.D. Allen, Economica.
"Leon Walras", 1934, Econometrica.
"A Note on the Elasticity of Supply", 1934, RES.
"Review of Myrdal, 1934, Economica.
"Review of Dupuit", 1935, Economica.
"The Theory of Monopoly", 1935, Econometrica.
"Wages and Interest: A dynamic problem", 1935, EJ.
"A Suggestion for Simplifying the Theory of Money", 1935, Economica.
"Mr Keynes's Theory of Employment", 1936, EJ.
"Distribution and Economic Progress: a revised version", 1936, RES.
"Mr Keynes and the Classics: A suggested simplification", 1937, Econometrica.
"The Foundations of Welfare Economics", 1939, EJ.
Value and Capital: An inquiry into some fundamental principles of economic theory , 1939.
"Mr Hawtrey on Bank Rate and the Long Term Rate of Interest", 1939, Manchester School.
"Public Finance in National Income" con Ursula K. Hicks, 1939, RES.
"The Valuation of Social Income", 1940, Economica.
Taxation and War Wealth, with U.K.Hicks and L. Rostas, 1941.
"The Rehabilitation of Consumers' Surplus", 1941, RES.
"Saving and the Rate of Interest in War-Time", 1941, Manchester School.
"Education in Economics", 1941, Bulletin MSS.
"Consumers' Surplus and Index-Numbers", 1942, RES.
"The Monetary Theory of D.H.Robertson", 1942, Economica.
The Social Framework: An introduction to economics, 1942.
"Maintaining Capital Intact", 1942, Economica.
"The Beveridge Plan and Local Government Finance", with U.K. Hicks, 1943, Bulletin MSS.
"The Four Consumer's Surpus", 1944, RES.
"Recent Contributions to General Equilibrum Economics", 1945, Economica.
"Theorie de Keynes après neuf ans", 1945, Revue d'Economie Politique.
"The Generalised Theory of Consumer's Surplus", 1946, RES.
"World Recovery After War", 1947, EJ.
"Full Employment in a Period of Reconstruction", 1947, Nationalokonomisk Tidsskrift.
"The Empty Economy", 1947, Lloyds BR.
The Problem of Budgetary Reform, 1949.
"Devaluation and World Trade", 1949, Three Banks Review.
"Mr Harrod's Dynamic Economics", 1949, Economica.
A Contribution to the Theory of the Trade Cycle , 1950.
"Free Trade and Modern Economics", 1951, Bulletin MSS.
"Review of Menger", 1951, EJ.
"The Long-Term Dollar Problem", 1953, Oxford EP.
"The Process of Imperfect Competition", 1954, Oxford EP.
A Revision of Demand Theory, 1956.
"Methods of Dynamic Analysis", 1956, in 25 Economic Essays in Honor of Erik Lindahl.
"A Rehabilitation of `Classical' Economics? Review of Patinkin", 1957, EJ.
"The Measurement of Real Income", 1958, Oxford EP.
"A Value-and-Capital Growth Model", 1958, RES.
"Future of the Rate of Interest", 1958, Bulletin MSS.
"World Inflation", 1958, Irish Bank Review.
Essays in World Economics, 1959.
"Thoughts on the Theory of Capital: The Corfu Conference", 1960, Oxford EP.
"Linear Theory", 1960, EJ.
"Measurement of Capital in Relation to the Measurement of Other Economic Aggregates", 1961, in Lutz and Hague, editors, Theory of Capital.
"Pareto Revealed", 1961, Economica.
"Prices and the Turnpike: Story of a Mare's Nest, 1961, RES.
"Liquidity", 1962, EJ
Capital and Growth, 1965.
"Growth and Anti-Growth", 1966, Oxford EP.
Critical Essays in Monetary Theory , 1967.
"Measurement of Capital - in Practice", 1969, Bulletin of ISI.
"Autonomists, Hawtreyans and Keynesians", 1969, JMCB.
A Theory of Economic History, 1969.
"Direct and Indirect Additivity", 1969, Econometrica.
"A Neo-Austrian Growth Theory", 1970, EJ.
"Elasticity of Substitution Again: Substitutes and complements", 1970, Oxford EP.
"Review of Friedman", 1970, EJ.
"The Austrian Theory of Capital and its Rebirth in Modern Economics", 1973, ZfN.
"Ricardo's Theory of Distribution", 1972, in Preston and Corry, editors, Essays in Honor of Lord Robbins.
Capital and Time: A Neo-Austrian theory , 1973.
Editor, Carl Menger and the Austrian School of Economics, with W. Weber, 1973.
"Recollections and Documents", 1973, Economica.
"The Mainspring of Economic Growth" , 1973, Swedish JE. (repr. 1981, AER)
"On the Measurement of Capital", 1973, Economic Science.
The Crisis in Keynesian Economics, 1974.
"Real and Monetary Factors in Economic Fluctuations", 1974, Scottish JPE.
"Industrialism", 1974, International Affairs.
"Capital Controversies: Ancient and Modern", 1974, AER.
"The Scope and Status of Welfare Economics", 1975, Oxford EP.
"What is Wrong with Monetarism", 1975, Lloyds BR.
"The Quest for Monetary Stability", 1975, South African JE.
"Some Questions of Time in Economics", 1976, en Tang et al, editors, Evolution, Welfare and Time in Economics: Essays in honor of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen.
Economic Perspectives, 1976.
"Must Stimulating Demand Stimulate Inflation?", 1976, Econ Record.
"`Revolutions' in Economics", 1976, in Latsis, editor, Method and Appraisal in Economics.
"The Little that is Right with Monetarism", 1976, Lloyds BR.
Economic Perspectives, 1977.
"Mr.Ricardo and the Moderns", with S. Hollander, 1977, QJE.
Causality in Economics, 1979.
"The Formation of an Economist", 1979, BNLQR.
"Is Interest the Price of a Factor of Production?", 1979, en Rizzo, editor, Time, Uncertainty and Disequilibrium.
"IS-LM: An explanation", 1980, JPKE.
Wealth and Welfare: Vol I. of Collected Essays in Economic Theory, 1981.
Money, Interest and Wages: Vol. II of Collected Essays in Economic Theory, 1982.
Classics and Moderns: Vol. III of Collected Essays in Economic Theory, 1983.
"The New Causality: An explanation", 1984, Oxford EP.
"Is Economics a Science?", 1984, Interdisciplinary Science Review.
"Francis Ysidro Edgeworth", 1984, in Murphy, editor, Economists and the Irish Economy.
Methods of Dynamic Economics, 1985.
"Sraffa and Ricardo: A critical view", 1985, in Caravale, Legacy of Ricardo.
"Loanable Funds and Liquidity Preference", 1986, Greek ER.
"Rational Behavior: Observation or assumption?", 1986, in Kirzner, editor, Subjectivism, Intelligibility and Economic Understanding.
"Towards a More General Theory", 1988, in Kohn and Tsiang, editor, Finance Constraints, Expectations and Macroeconomics
"The Assumption of Constant Returns to Scale", 1989, Cambridge JE.
A Market Theory of Money, 1989.
"An Accountant Among Economists: Conversations with John Hicks", with A. Klamer, 1989, JEP.
"Ricardo and Sraffa", 1990, in Bharadwaj and Schefold, eds., Essays on Piero Sraffa.
"The Unification of Macro-Economics", 1990, EJ.
"A Self-Survey", 1990, Greek ER.
"The Swedish Influence on Value and Capital", 1991, in Jonung, editor, The Stockholm School of Economics Revisited.